Law and Order in the First Part of the Nineteenth Century :: Papers

Law and Order in the First Part of the Nineteenth Century In the first part of the nineteenth century crime was wholeness of the biggest social problems. Crime was made worse by widespread poverty, many people wanted proper law enforcement. May crimes were punishable by death, so the criminals adopted the phase better to be hung for a sheep than a lamb. When Sir Robert Peel became Home Secretary in 1825, he made a right organised constabulary system his propriety. Up to now towns had only their caped night watchmen, with warning bells and rattles. Peels major concern was preventing crime rather than ponderous it. For this reason, in 1829 he established the first regular police force. Large towns such as London were often particularly lawless, and authorities often utilize troops to keep the peace, which was a much-hated practice. In 1829 Peel established a regular police force in London and the suburbs. At first in that respect were 300 Bobbies recr uited and controlled by the Home Office. Their presence soon forced many criminals of the capital. Finally in 1856 every county and borough had to maintain a police force. The Metropolitan police force had many different duties. The man on the beat was there to stop disorderly behaviour. So this meant the Metropolitan legal philosophy Force were to exact with beggars, drunkenness, vagrants and prostitutes. In the second half of the nineteenth centuary Londons streets became more orderly, but as a consequence of this the number of burglaries went up. Another of the Metropolitan Police Forces duties was to deal with major disturbances. Police constables received very little training in the late nineteenth century and often learnt their trade on the job. Police constables worked cardinal days a week and up to fourteen hours a day. In London in the 1870s and 1880s, a beat during daytime was seven and a half miles long whilst at night it was two miles. Pick pocketing was rife in London in the late nineteenth century. Pickpockets were generally about the age of 6-10 years old and had

Physiological Responses to distance treadmill running :: essays research papers

Exercise Distance Treadmill Running When we be challenged with any physical task, the human be responds through a series of integ driftd changes in function that involve most, if not all, of its physiologic systems. Movement requires activation and control of the musculoskeletal system the cardiovascular and respiratory systems provide the ability to sustain this movement over extended periods.Physiological ResponsesFrom experience I know that while on the treadmill earlier long my chest is heaving, my lungs are bursting, my heart is pounding, I get hot, sweat profusely, and the previously coordinated movement of my limbs start to falter my muscles ache and my brain tells me to stop. deep down minutes of starting this strenuous exercise the body temperature can rise by several degrees Celsius, and activation of thermoregulatory heat loss mechanisms (principally sweating and opening up of skin blood vessels) becomes essential in order to keep the body as cool as possible. Certain ly, exercise is a challenge to homeostasis.Heart rate increases to pump more blood to the muscles all over the body which are working harder. Therefore, your cardiac output increases. The heart rate and the cardiac output are proportional to each other.www.medicdirectsport.com detailed thatThe energy requirements of muscle during exercise are met not only by an alteration in intramuscular metabolism, but withal by integrated activity of the cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine and nervous systems.The body produces lactic stinging whenever it breaks down carbohydrates for energy. We use energy when we exercise therefore lactic acid is produced when we exercise.www.cytosport.com detailed thatWhen the body makes lactic acid, it splits into lactate ion (lactate) and hydrogen ion.

My Three Wants :: essays research papers

Abraham Maslow has made a distinction between carrys and inadequacys. A need is a basic charitable requirement. On the other hand, a want is a conscious desire for something. As for me, my wants are influenced by the aspirations of my heart First, I want to attend college, Second, I want to build a Support Ministry, for hurting people, and I personally want to enjoy the splendor of life. At this agitate in my life these are the three wants that are more or less important to me.Certainly, attending college is something that I have always wanted to accomplish in life. all over the years I have become infatuated with a desire to achieve knowledge. Now as I re-enter the environment of education I look forward to every opportunity of learning, and I am excited about the virtually limitless possibilities that will be opened to me. While in college I want to do all that I can to improve myself, so that I will be able to help others. Besides, education is suddenly useless if theres n o one to share it with. Therefore, I want to use my education to help other people. One of the most painful pictures in this human life is to see the effect of a life devastated by physical or emotional pain. Therefore, I want to work as intensely as I can to build a Support Ministry for hurting people everywhere. I want to provide a place of comfort and support, but most of all I want to lend a listening ear.As I strive to reach these goals, it is important for me to continue my own personal locomote to enjoy life to its totalest. I want to be committed to a life lived and guided by Christ. On the whole, it is my heartfelt desire to achieve my full potential in life, and to become all that God would have me to be.I am convinced that God has allowed me to live and put in me a want to be educated and a desire to build a support ministry to help others.

Resistance as the Byproduct of Separate Spheres :: Essays Papers

Resistance as the Byproduct of Separate SpheresThe history of women in the United States is primarily a study of gender, the amicable construction of sexual difference, through time. The nineteenth century stands out as the period when the polity of separate gender spheres emerged and yet, already, began to come into question. Social forces of economic and religious change sculpted gender into a dichotomy differentiated along roughly the same lines as (what we can now consider problematic) divisions between the nonpublic/public, emotional/rational, and consuming/producing. Men occupied the privileged side of each binary, relegating women, as a sex, to a gender built of a serial publication of traits defined in opposition to masculine privilege. During this same century, the ideology of separate spheres was increasingly challenged at many levels by critiques and movements for equal rights, substantive justice, and particular womens issues. Note first, that as gender is an issu e of social construction, this construct can only be shared by particular groups who share social constructs and even off then gender is understood in certain limited ways. To accommodate for this and avoid footnoting what may well be entirely distinct histories, I testament only discuss the gender through time of Northern white women. For this constructed gender, the changes that brought the code of separate spheres, by changing the relationships of the domestic sphere, also brought the most extreme challenges to the code, much more so than equal rights in the public sphere could or would accomplish.In order to determine what a fundamental challenge to the code of separate spheres would sound like, it is necessary to determine the nature of the codes existence. Obviously, this code of spheres did not exist somewhere crawling about a plant floor, rather it was an ideological tenet of a particular society. This does not mean, however, that it was then understood as simply a b elief of one group of plenty in one time and place. Instead it was seen as natural and permanent. As Justice Bradwell explained in a late nineteenth century case, the civil law, as well as nature herself, has always recognized a wide difference in the respective spheres and destinies of man and woman (Bradwell v. Illinois, 83 U.S. (16 Wallace) 141 (1872)). Outside of the courtroom, Lydia Sigourney echoed this sight in a book targeted for women, exhorting them consider the sphere in which thou art placed, as the one in which God willeth thee to be (Sigourney 109).

The Manipulative Sirens and Their Victims in Margaret Atwoods Siren So

The Manipulative Sirens and Their Victims in Margaret Atwoods Siren SongIn Homers Odyssey, the Sirens are mythical creatures whose enchanting voices lure sailors to their deaths. These women have fascinated people incessantly since Homer sung the lines of his epic, inspiring artists of many genres from oil paintings to films. In her poem Siren Song, Margaret Atwood re-envisions the Sirens to draw a comparison between the myths and modern life. Atwood portrays men as victims of Sirens (women) by making her readers the victims. Atwood begins her poem with the speaker mysteriously introducing a secret. Speaking to her audience, the Siren--whose role is played in real life by women and paralleled by poets--attracts attending immediately with her luring phrases and vocabulary This is the one song everyone / would like to learn the song / that is irresistible... (1-3). Even with the word siren screaming, Warning Danger the loud ringing serves only if to catch more notice. Readers respon d with interest, wanting to hear this song and wondering why it is irresistible (3). Atwood uses colons in this first stanza as her tool for pulling readers into her story. Her colons backsheesh at the revelation of this great secret readers must read on to discover it.Rather than stopping abruptly, Atwood carries her thought to the second stanza by beginning it with a lower case letter. However the speaker does not continue that thought by telling the secret right away as the reader would expect. or else Atwood gives the speaker a seductive voice through her description of the enigmatic power of the Siren song. The speaker teases readers with evidence of its strength that forces men / to leap overboard (4-5), plunging to their deaths. ... ...t works every time (27).In Siren Song, Atwood plays off the mythical idea that Sirens seduce their victims in order to demonstrate the same manipulative tendencies in women and poets-women seduce men poets seduce their readers. She proves he r theory by exercising it and capturing her readers in her own poem. Her carefully crafted language forms a trap for her readers, demonstrating poetrys powerfully seductive nature. Readers occasion entranced in her story, and, after facing death as the Sirens (Atwoods) victims, her readers agree that this is the song / that is irresistible... (2-3) and it works every time (27). Works CitedHamilton, Edith. Mythology Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes. New York Mentor, 1990.VanSpanckeren, Kathryn and Jan tend Castro. Margaret Atwood Vision and Forms. Carbondale Southern Illinois University Press, 1988.

The Manipulative Sirens and Their Victims in Margaret Atwoods Siren So

The Manipulative Sirens and Their Victims in Margaret Atwoods Siren SongIn Homers Odyssey, the Sirens are mythical creatures whose enthral voices lure sailors to their deaths. These women have fascinated people ever since Homer sung the lines of his epic, inspiring artists of many genres from oil paintings to films. In her poem Siren Song, Margaret Atwood re-envisions the Sirens to draw a comparison between the myths and modern life. Atwood portrays men as victims of Sirens (women) by making her readers the victims. Atwood begins her poem with the talker mysteriously introducing a sneaking(a). Speaking to her audience, the Siren--whose role is played in real life by women and paralleled by poets--attracts attention immediately with her luring phrases and vocabulary This is the one song bothone / would like to learn the song / that is irresistible... (1-3). Even with the word witch screaming, Warning Danger the loud ringing serves only to catch more notice. Readers respond with in terest, wanting to hear this song and wondering why it is irresistible (3). Atwood uses colons in this first stanza as her tool for pulling readers into her story. Her colons hint at the revelation of this great secret readers must read on to discover it.Rather than halt abruptly, Atwood carries her thought to the second stanza by beginning it with a lower case letter. However the speaker does not continue that thought by telling the secret right away as the reader would expect. Instead Atwood gives the speaker a seductive voice through her description of the enigmatic power of the Siren song. The speaker teases readers with evidence of its strength that forces men / to leap overboard (4-5), plunging to their deaths. ... ...t works every time (27).In Siren Song, Atwood plays off the mythical idea that Sirens seduce their victims in order to demonstrate the same manipulative tendencies in women and poets-women seduce men poets seduce their readers. She proves her theory by exercisi ng it and capturing her readers in her own poem. Her carefully crafted manner of speaking forms a trap for her readers, demonstrating poetrys powerfully seductive nature. Readers become entranced in her story, and, after facing death as the Sirens (Atwoods) victims, her readers agree that this is the song / that is irresistible... (2-3) and it works every time (27). Works CitedHamilton, Edith. Mythology Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes. New York Mentor, 1990.VanSpanckeren, Kathryn and Jan Garden Castro. Margaret Atwood Vision and Forms. Carbondale Southern Illinois University Press, 1988.

How Peace Can be Achieved Essay

Peace could possibly be progress tod if every last(predicate) pot on Earth became non-judgmental towards each other and accepted each other as equals. In addition, every sensations spiritual beliefs, their faith, should be respected, whether they choose to believe in a higher military force, or non. Believing in a higher authority, in itself, does non guarantee field pansy of mind because more people postulate been murdered in the name of God than for any other reason in each of hi stagePeace is a plead of harmony characterized by the lack of violent conflict and the freedom from fear of violence. Comm solo understood as the absence ofhostility, sleep as well as suggests the existence of healthy or newly healed interpersonal or international relationships, prosperity in matters of social or economic welf argon, the initiation of equality, and a on the job(p) political order that serves the true interests of all. In international relations, wild pansytime is non onl y the absence of war or violent conflict, however also the presence of convinced(p) and respectful cultural and economic relationships. Peace is something which is vastly misinterpreted and misrepresented in todays populace.Everyone has their own perceptions slightly it sur baptistery of which only a elegant portion actually come near in addressing stop. In my personal opinion serenity isnt just a cleaver carriage of showcasing your imposed superficial friendliness while brewing up violent tendencies from within As is highlighted by Indias relations with Pakistanin formal toll we are at stop since the kargil war of 1999.but concreteity rests in a completely different sphere. I believe peace is not just taenia warsits something more.its the victory of reality over virtual superiority, the realization that everyone in the ground is nothing but equal. It means to give the due manage of respect to everyones opinion and thinking before putting your ideas into action. It mean s forgetting all what happened in the past hoping and believing that a break a stylus day, a better future is possible. This humanity has seen so many of the traumatizing atrocities in its lifetime ,as we become aware of our mis shoots in the past it becomes the duty of each of us as individuals and as youth to change all this and create a better place for our succeeding generations and yes we push aside do itI would get off this article with a story of an ancient Indian King who was obsessed with the desire to hear the consequence of peace. What is peace and how heap we get it and when we find it what should we do with it were some of the issues that bo on that pointd him. Intellectuals in his kingdom wereinvited to answer the Kings questions for a handsome reward. Many tried but none could explain how to find peace and what to do with it. At last someone said the King ought to consult the sage who lived just outside the borders of his Kingdom He is an old man and very wise, the King was told. If anyone post answer your questions he can. The King went to the sage and posed the eternal question. Without a word the sage went into the kitchen and brought a grain of wheat to the King. In this you bequeath find the answer to your question, the Sage said as he placed the grain of wheat in the Kings outstretched palm. Puzzled but loth to admit his ignorance the King clutched the grain of wheat and returned to his palace. He locked the precious grain in a tiny gold box and placed the box in his safe.Each morning, upon waking, the King would open the box and look at the grain to seek an answer but could find nothing. Weeks later another sage, passing through, halt to meet the King who eagerly invited him to resolve his dilemma. The King explained how he had asked the eternal question and this sage gave him a grain of wheat instead. I ware been feeling for an answer every morning but I find nothing. The Sage said It is quite simple, your honor. Just as thi s grain represents bread and butter for the body, peace represents nourishment for the soul. Now, if you keep this grain locked up in a gold box it result eventually perish without providing nourishment or multiplying. However, if it is allowed to interact with the elements light, water, air, soil it will flourish, multiply and soon you would deem a whole field of wheat which will nourish not only you but so many others.This is the meaning of peace. It moldiness nourish your soul and the souls of others, it must multiply by interacting with the elements. Peace-a small word with a deeper meaning attached to itdifferent interpretations, different perspectives and different understandings even so the meaning is one but for ones own self. Setting a yardstick about what peace means to you is your own way of face at it. When I hear this subtle, magical word the first thing I see is a satisfied soul and not just a quiet that has prevailed. But when quiet prevails, it maybe for mou rning a death or even remembering someone great or just a quiet night sleep. And as Oscar Romero says- Peace is not the product of terror or fear.Peace is not the silence of cemeteries.Peace is not the silent return of violent repression.Peace is the generous, tranquil contribution of all to the healthy of all. So peace implies as something quiet yet good-from within and for something outside.. Stillness is one of the most valuable attribute of peace and not just it leads to a quiet environment around but makes us quiet from in spite of appearance. To obtain this peace is not easy. There is a constant fight going on inside you.. White versus Black, Good versus Evil and when we obtain control over our ourselves we can win this war. Consequently, when good prevails over evil within us, can we spread peace to our external elements. Peace comes from living in the moment and looking for the good in others. Peacefulness comes from facing our fears and letting them trust that things w ill turn out all right. While it is true that the adult male has become so abstruse and so technologically oriented that individuals no longer believe that they count or that they can do anything to affect world events, it is precisely the opposite.For only when individuals take total responsibility for their own lives, find within themselves calm and power of good and live in peace with their neighbors and environment, only then will forces be set in motion that will eventually bring about world peace. Nations go to war, often quoting peace as the reason. We must realize peace is a journey, not an end. Yet, in our efforts to obtain peace, we often do the most unpeaceful things. Instead of seeking intra throng peace, we seek to enforce peace on others. And that just doesnt work. Peace is a gift you can give to others and to yourself. If you seek peace with a sincere heart, you can find it. Peace has the power to move mountains. Mahatma Gandhi had spread peace to the world and thi s was his power or else how could a frail man like him get India its freedom and Indians their rights. The quality of life depends not upon external development or material progress, but upon the inner development of peace and happiness. We all wish for world peace, but world peace will never be procured unless we first establish peace within our own minds.Without inner peace, outer peace is impossible. We can send so-called peacekeeping forces into areas of conflict, but peace cannot be imposed from the outside with guns. Only by creating peace within our own mind and helping others do the equivalent can we try for to achieve peace in this world. We can see from this that if we want true, lasting happiness we need to develop and maintain a special experience of inner peace. The only way to do this is by graduallyreducing and eliminating our negative, disturbed disk operating systems of mind and replacing them with positive, peaceful states. Eventually, through continuing to imp rove our inner peace we will experience permanent inner peace, or nirvana. Once we have attained nirvana we will be intelligent throughout our life, and in life after life. When a baby is born, he is innocent and believed to be the purest form of god in this materialistic world and when he dies he Rests in Peace. The unpeacefulness is in between these two stages of clement life as he gets trapped in the materialistic trap of this world So, look for peace in you and not when no two nations are at war, or when you are relaxed because you are your biggest challenge and once you win over the evil inside you, no matter whatever happens outside you, you will surely be peaceful.There is no way to peace peace is the way. MAHATMA GANDHI Peace is a term that most normally refers to an absence of aggression, violence or hostility.peace such a beautiful word. A word that makes us feel relaxed thinking about those beautiful white doves.When we come to imagine it we see the surmount of both w orlds.A place close to nature and a place where happiness i sthe environment.But that world seems to remain a dream now We talk about global peace and hold terrorism as the culprit.But think. when we cannot even keep peace with our ownselves , how can we talk about peace at such huge levels? We fight with people , our loved ones for reasons completely unnecessary. It takes less than a second to burst out in anger, doesnt it? There the irony lies. What we must learn as the first step towards peace is SELF PEACE.. inner peace refers to a state of mind, body and mostly soul, a peace within ourselves.People that experience inner peace say that the feeling is not dependent on time, people, place, or any external object or situation.When we learn to remain at peace with ourselves we will be at peace with the rest of the world. Now talk of the town about peace at international levels.. We all know how terrorism threatens the very roots of peace. but that does not sem to be the only culpri t. since the time atomic weapons have arrived thw world has not seen peacve and never will unles we make a conscious effort to stop threatening the world with our nuclear power. The most important thing to remember when we talk about peace is love.Love and peace are inseparable.We cannot have one without the other.With love achieving peace becomes a cakewalk.Whether it is inner peace or peace anywhere across the globe, loveis the basis. love yourself and you shall attian inner peace. love others and you shall be at peace with all. To achieve peace at the global level, we also give NOBEL PEACE PRIZE.The prize has often met with controversy, as it is occasionally awarded to people who have formerly sponsored war and violence but who have, through exceptional concessions, helped achieve peace. With the basic ideas of peace in mind and conscious efforts towards achieving it in our daily life ,I hope we achieve our aim of global peace one day. When the power of love overcomes the love o f power , the world will know peace. What peace means to meIn a country, Peace is a term that most commonly refers to an absence of aggression, violence or hostility. Peace isnt the absence of violence but rather the presence of justice. In a society, peace happens when different desires are in one agreement. Peace is based on many things, culture, education, family values, experience, & history (to name a few) but the basis is the same-to co-exist without war, putting to deathing, & overpowering a first mate being. According to me, Peace is the feeling that alls right with the world.When everyone around me in my family, my friend circle and my neighbourhood is happy, eager to love, accept and relate I feel at peace. Also, to me it means following what my heart says and sharing mutual trust and respect for people around me. However, in todays world, peace and harmony face various threats. Terrorism, regional imbalance, economic disparity, and social inequality are some of the facto rs which threaten peace today. We all are so draped in our busy lifestyles and yet want our lives to be peaceful. We expect that peace to be omnipresent but what we need to realize is the fact that if we want peace- we have to live peacefully, love everyone, forgive, forget, etc. .Its not enough to stand around asking if world peace will ever happen because that wint do anything. Actions speak louder than any words. If everyone starts living the peaceful, loving way, things will change. But someone has to start and lead by example. Mahatma Gandhi once said You must be the change you wish to see in the world. We cant rely on anyone else to do this. We have to do these ourselves. Acceptance, compassion, and tolerance are the cosmos of peace. Mahatma Gandhi showed that peace endssuffering and oppression, not by warring against an enemy but by bearing witness to ill-timeds and allowing sympathy and common humanity to do their patient work. Nelson Mandela and Mother Teresa lived dif ferent aspects of peace, which was proven to be a viable way to achieve great things. In the end, I would like to conclude by presenting this poignant poem I found on net, which describes that peace takes the form we give it.The preamble to the United Nations Charter sums up the existential dilemma of today Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that defences of peace must be constructed. The challenge today is in creating peace, and not in appreciating peace as a concept. And this cannot be doneif we keep concentrating on destruction. It is time now to literally construct peace. But Peace is not just a feeling or a state of being. It is not just something that one would achieve only during long hours of prayers or meditation. And it is certainly not end-of-war alone. Peace is life itself. It is our original religion.Peace, therefore, is a inhering instinct and if we wish to construct a peaceful world, then all weve got to do, is to let it manifest in our lives. Paradise is called so not just because it is believed to be a place of scenic beauty it is also where the divine virtues of love and peace prevail. To achieve peace, three things have to be borne in mind that peace is our natural religion that all that we do affects those around us and that to recharge our pure energies, we need to connect to the Supreme Source. A life operating on these three laws of peace will tangibly transform everything to a peaceful state and recreate the one culture that we all wish to re-establish in the world that is, the culture of peace. War and terrorism have cast their shadow on the world.Most world leaders, international organisations and so-called peace summits tend to define peace in the shadow of war, as a situation where there is no war between nations. By defining light as the absence of shadower or, life as the absence of death, we assign greater importance to the powers of darkness and death, or in the case of peace, to war, rather than peace. Peace is desirable, as is pains for peace. We agree that peace-marches and war protests have a place in this world, and unfortunately so does war.One mans war is another mans peace. To achieve peace, three things have to be borne in mind that peace is our natural religion that all that we do affects those who surround us and that to recharge our pure energies, we need to connect to the Supreme Source. A life operating on these three laws of peace will tangibly transform everything to a peaceful state and recreate the one culture that we all wish to re-establish in the world that is, the culture of peace. This is the way of peace Overcome evil with good, falsehood with truth, and hatred with love. The way of peace is the way of love. Love is the greatest power on priming. It conquers all thingsMessengers of Peaceby LAKSHMISRINIVASWe the messengers of peaceWith a message for peace on earthFor peace we pray in distressThis virtue we yearn to harnesschorusPeace in the human h eartPeace on human facePeace as human dressPeace for the human raceHate is strong and peace fragileIs what we often fearThat wrong shall fail and right prevailIs our message loud and clearchorusPeace in the human heartPeace on human facePeace as human dressPeace for the human raceAs Martin Luther King has said I have a dream. So do I, a dream that one day peace prevails on Earth. No person cuts a brothers or a childs head, no violence, no one feels unsafe to walk around, no bombs, no terrorist and there is a sense of understanding and love all around. lokah samasta sukhino bhavantu (May all beings everywhere attain happiness & freedom.)Observe all around. What is the best thing that this creation has ever produced? Mountains, trees, animals, birds no, its the human beings. We are the once in the world who have a sense of discrimination or in Hindi Vivek and what use are we making of that wonderful mind which the nature has bestowed upon us. Making a master plan to attack Mumbai or man tradeCentre would certainly not the best use of mind. Come on think of it. What is it that these people want? Are they fighting for religion? Then I would say that these people have not understood the true meanings of the holy books which they pretend to have read. If someone throws a stone at a temple, a mosque or a church, we run after that man like dogs with swords in our hands to kill him. But are these temples, mosques, churches real? Why would God want to reside in places created by human beings for Him. He will live in the best designed creation of all.He lives in us And we do not think even for a moment to cut another persons throat just because he insulted a religion. No religion teaches to fight. Its us who have interpreted these religions as per our convenience that we believe that we are the saviours. That insecurity, which is a result of all these attacks and bombs blast have started to creep in. My mother says, do not go to a crowded place on Saturdays or Sundays. At every moment there is a sense of fear that some where or may be at our place, there will be a nuclear attack and nothing will be left. Just even thinking that what are these morons upto, create a feeling of disgust, horror, anger and at the same time pity. Yes pity is the right word. I pity these people and look down upon them as they do not even know the real purpose of this creation.They have their own concepts of religion, place and living life which are far from the actual meaning. They are no more than a unwanted group of parasites which have their own world and want to conquer our world. An insecticide must be created for these people because in my opinion, they wont change with talks. Their minds are degraded till the roots that even sitting in a world summit where we invite all the terrorist leaders to talk and discuss what the hell is there problem ? and making settlements wont do any good. An ostrich dugs its head inside the earths surface and thinks that the danger i s off because it is not visible. We cannot afford all this. I feel sad when I say that all these terrorists must be given a taste of the fear which they have caused on the society ,but what else can we do?.give in to their demands and create a world full of people who do not have any moralistic or civil sense. When a disease is inflicted upon ,one needs to take a bitter medicine or the disease wont go. And after all this I pray in future that I sall never see a war on earth. OM dhyauH shaantiHAntariksha shaantiH aapaH shaantiHAushadhayaH shaantiH vanaspatayaH shaantiHvisvedevaaH shaantiH shaantireva shaantiH saa maa shaantiredhi OM shaantiH shaantiH shaantiH(May there be peace in heaven, may there be peace in sky, may there be peace on the earth, may there be peace in irrigate may there be peace in herbs, may there be peace in vegetations may there be peace in all the Gods, may there be peace in entire Bramha (creation) may there peace everywhere, may there be peace and only p eace, may that peace embrace me. OM Peace Peace Peace)))All the world over people crave for peace. The leaders and politicians of the world are trying to achieve world peace. But many difficulties come in the way. There is fear and suspicion among nations. Russia suspects the motives of American. America likewise does not trust Russia. Pakistan says that it is afraid of India. That is way she is aiming herself with a la mode(p) weapons. Some countries are very much advance in accomplishment. Their economic condition is far superior to that of others. Such countries want to dominate weaker countries. They exploit them. This creates focus and other conflicts break out here and there. While peace has been established in Vietnam, the Middle East is still the danger spot of the world. Indian and Pakistan are still not on friendly terms. Local wars in these areas can lead to a world war any day.Narrow patriotism, religion intensity and military pacts also come in the way of world peac e. Some countries want to capture the markets of the world for their trade. This causes unhealthy competition. The possibilities of World War are thus increased and those of peace minimized. Apart form this, there is the questions of black and white. The white people hate black men. This hatred creates difficulties in the way of the establishment of peace. It is said that voice of the people is the voice of God. Nowhere in the world people want war. They are fed up with it. The desire for peace is commanding in their hearts. So ways and means must be found for persevering world peace. Following ways may be suggested to ensure perennial peace in the world. First, there must be disarmament. Powerful countries should give up the race of arming themselves and their friendly countries to the teeth. The manufacture of deathly weapons should bestopped.This will create a feeling of security. There will be faith instead of suspicion among the various countries of the world. Secondly, big counties should not only accept the principles of Panch Sheela in theory, but should follow them strictly in practice. These are the five principles of international conduct given to the world by our late Prime Minister Nehru. World peace can be secured only by their observance in practice. Thirdly, peace can be established only of the U.N.O is allowed to work smoothly. All the nations of the world must respect its decisions. Problem should be solved amicably through this agency. The destiny of the world rests in the hands of its leaders. They should unite to achieve this aim.The power of science should be used for human welfare alone. Scientist should put a check on its use for destructive purposes. The people and the politicians should unite and work for world peace. With the annihilation of the Soviet Union, the danger of a third world war gas come to an end. Regional security system are being worked out. These are happy sings which indicate that good sense is drawing on the lea ders of the world Terms for Nuclear Ban Treaty are being discussed by the nuclear powers. This is a good sign for world-peace. But the U.S.A has grown all powerful. It is increasingly playing the role of the policeman of the world. This tendency is a dangerous one. It must be crushed in the very beginning .

Harley Davidson – Organizational Behavior

Harley History Harley Davidson was seen in America as a accompany that produced motorcycles with raw power. The company was founded by Arthur and Walter Davidson and William Harley in 1903. In 1918, Harley Davidson had become the freehandedst motorcycle producing company in the world. Their toil totaled 28,000 motorcycles. Production continued to increase with the onset of field contend II and the military use of Harleys motorcycles. The mystique of the product had a tough sense experience to it with famous actors such as James Dean and Marlin Brando sporting the bikes.After World War II, foreign competitors became interested in the motorcycle market. Japanese competitors entered the market in 1959 Harley Davidson executives did nothing to counter the advance of the competition. Harley Davidsons sh are of the industry began f in all tolding while Japanese competitors introduced high quality products. The confidence in Harleys re ordaination was causing the riotouss market s hare to decline steadily. AMF long time Harley Davidson lacked resources to finance parvenue products and designs to expand their production. They were taken over by AMF, a heavy-industrial conglomerate.At this time there was high shoot for motorcycles in the U. S. The AMF aggroup thought that they would be able to sell anything they produced, even without taking quality into consideration. After the take over, production was increase drastically at the cost of the quality of the product. AMF began spending large amounts of m peerlessy on Harleys manufacturing plants. Production increased from 15,475 units in 1969 to 70,000 units in 1973 due to these new expenditures on capital. To fake things worse for Harley, the Japanese firm Honda introduced the Goldwing. This was the origin introduction of a foreign heavy weight motorcycle that would directly compete with Harleys market share. With Harley Davidsons share of the heavyweight market runner to decrease, the quality of their p roducts in any case decreased because they were becoming outdated compared to the new advanced Japanese products. Vaughn Beals was brought into the picture by Harley executives to lead the firm. Vaughn Beals Saves the Day Vaughn Beals melodic themels were different than those of AMF its purloin management. It became take a crap that AMF did not bring on the same amount of concern for Harleys success as Beals, so AMF began looking for a buyer.With Harley Davidsons profitability down, Beals and some former(a) Harley Davidson managers orchestrated a highly leveraged buyout. This large amount of debt for the buyout forced Harley Davidsons managers to adopt a new strategy survival. Vaughn Beals realized that his firm needed to modify to become a much competitive force within the motorcycle industry. Change Many things at Harley Davidson were going wrong. The motorcycles were being made at a low level of quality and the focus was too much driven by quantity rather than quality. The organization was formed around the tralatitious top thinks and everybody acts.It was very apparent that if nothing qualifyingd, Harley Davidsons reputation would be forever tarnished due to low quality products. Forces for Change Competition (chapter 19) Competition for business is changing. Competitors terminate come from across the ocean or from across town. For Vaughn Beals, his main force for change was the Japanese competition that was continuing to decrease Harley Davidsons share of the market. He realized that something had to be done. While visiting the Honda plant, he learned many things that the Japanese did better than Harley Davidson. The differences between Harley Davidson and Honda were striking. For example, only 5 percent of Hondas motorcycles failed to passing final quality inspection over 50 percent of Harleys failed during the same test (Buller & Schuler 2006). Job Design Instead of bearing manufacturers to keep producing the products at a high pace, with li ttle attention to quality, Beals and his top management wanted to change the way the elements in an employees job was organized. Harley Davidson initiated this new job design through the productiveness triad. The Productivity TriadAfter the visit, Beals and his team realized the only way to compete with the very effective management of the Japanese was to improve the quality of their product and the production transition that was necessary to produce it. The productiveness triad was based on Japanese methods of manufacturing and production. This new approach involved (a) employee involvement, (b) use of JIT inventory practices, and (c) statistical operator discover (SOC). organizational Structure (chapter 16) To improve the quality of Harley Davidsons motorcycles, a complete change of the organizations structure was necessary.Job t begs would be divided, grouped, and coordinated much differently under the productivity triad. To change the structure, Beals and his management intro duced many new looking ats to the employees average day at get going. Employee Involvement (chapter 7) Harley Davidson executives realized that using the input of employees would increase their commitment to the much-needed new success of Harley Davidson. They reasoned that full get outicipation of employees at all levels was the key to successful improvement of both the product quality and the production process (Buller & Schuler 2006).Job Characteristics mildew Harley Davidson uses 3 out of 5 of the characteristics in the model developed by J. Richard Hackman. This model proposes that any job can be described in basis of these core dimensions. Autonomy (chapter 7) Since the line workers were more knowledgeable about(predicate) what techniques would work and not work in the production process, they were encouraged to make decisions about the production process. This provided a substantial amount of freedom in determining the procedures to be carried out for producing the prod uct. Skill Variety (chapter 7)Instead of just relying on the line workers to construct the product, Beals and his team wanted to make sure that the motorcycles were going to be of a much higher quality than in the past. To avoid catastrophes, such as oil leaking onto a showroom floor, top management reasoned that training and empowering employees to measure quality and recommend change was essential for improvement (Buller & Schuler 2006). Using the Statistical Operator cook method, employees could now see how problems developed and how they could fix them during the production process.Task Identity (chapter 7) The same employees that were measuring the products for quality issues were also manufacturing the product. This would allow the employee to really become part of his/her product. It would also allow for a more efficient method of production. Creating a Learning Organization Learning Organization (chapter 19) To have a continuous ability to conciliate and change would allow Harley Davidson to keep up with the competition and provide its employees with the knowledge to continue to produce quality products.In the 1990s, Harley Davidson began emphasizing organizational and individual learning at all levels through a broadcast it termed the Leadership Institute (Buller & Schuler 2006). The organization took on a strong belief that anyone could learn more. The traditional top thinks and everyone else acts was unified into thinking and acting in all jobs. Along with all this learning, the firm began to change many core aspects of its operations. impertinently Design Options To protagonist Harley Davidson compete more effectively, top management began to mphasize teamwork at all levels. This would allow for easy information sharing and constant learning throughout the organization. To enhance the effectiveness of teams, Harley Davidson wanted to get going down any barriers that would prevent employees from sharing information, developing new ideas, or ca tching current production problems. To do this, they needed to get away from the traditional roles that employees and managers play. Team Structure (chapter 16) Harley Davidson eliminated the positions of senior vice president in marketing and operations.They observed that these jobs did not add any value to the motorcycles. A pee demand team, a team that was in charge of producing the products, and a product support team were introduced to help employees. Instead of having to approach one top manager for help and get sent to another department to pass the problem, Harley executives realized these teams would be more efficient. Boundaryless Organization (chapter 16) For all of these new changes to actually work, executives in a sense had to let employees become their own managers.To make the changes the most effective, Harley Davidson eliminated the chain of command, allowed the employees to have limitless spans of control, and replaced departments with authorise teams. Types of Teams Self Managed Work Teams (chapter 10) Harley-Davidson employees were put into work teams and encouraged to get into in the decision making process because they knew better than management what worked and what did not. Because the productivity triad emphasized employee involvement so much, the logical way to form teams would be to allow the members to make most decisions. Types of TrainingMost of the training that the employees would go through when they sought new knowledge was technical based. They would be taught about any aspect of the firm they felt would benefit production or quality. Technical Training (chapter 18) At Harley-Davidson top management saw that as technology became a larger part of the production process their employees needed to have better training to be able to operate productively. Also, after benchmarking itself against Japanese competitors Harley-Davidson saw that learning about all fields within the organization would benefit everyone.This led to the invention of the Leadership Institute, which encouraged employees to seek out training when they needed it. They wanted to create a program that would allow employees to have the opportunity to do a quality job every time. This included learning more about the theories back tooth the latest technologies and learning about related fields. Since Harley-Davidson was now using empowered teams to make important decisions throughout the organization, each team member needed to have a good handle on technical aspects involved with their responsibilities. CultureWith all of these changes underway, Harley Davidson began to develop its own sense of internal culture that became a system of shared out meaning held by the employees. The productivity triad and the Learning Institute both helped pave the way for a unique new culture at Harley Davidson. Organizational Culture (chapter 17) It is not hard to assume that with such drastic changes in an organizations structure, there could be changes in the culture as well. Since employees were allowed to make a lot more of their own decisions and management was not seen as so much of an authority, gaining knowledge in the organization became more of a choice. An employee must(prenominal) make the decision that he or she wants more training no one will tap you on the shoulder but once you are there, we will help you (Buller & Schuler 2006). The executive committee wanted to heavily emphasize that they too had much to learn. This became the norm for employees and managers throughout the firm. A willingness to learn about all fields within the production of a motorcycle was seen as a very desirable trait within Harley Davidson.This would improve the quality of the product because increased knowledge about different aspects of the motorcycle, which were perhaps previously un cognize organization wide, would now be put to use. Core Values (chapter 17) The primary or predominant values that were accepted throughout the Learning Institute included the work itself, the supporting systems, and how the work was done. Employees were encouraged to master all the skills necessary to do a quality job every time. To uphold the idea of constant learning, they were evaluate to learn more of the theories behind the latest technologies of ones job.To emphasize the boundaryless aspect, employees were expected to branch out and learn the related fields of work around them. Each employee should also have a high degree of knowledge about how the motorcycle works and how it can be improved. If they have a good handle on how the motorcycle operates and how to fix it, this could drastically improve customer relations. Since employees became empowered to make decisions for the production process, they were also expected to take responsibility for their product.If there was a quality problem in their product, it was up to them to figure out how to solve it. Having an open mind was important too. An employee was expected to alw ays be looking for new things to learn about improving their work. There were no strict guidelines that employees had to tucker to when it came to brainstorming ideas. Creativity and experimentation were encouraged. Conflict Functional (chapter 15) Since Harley Davidsons new culture involved a lot of participation and independent learning, there were a lot of different opinions from different employees.This would be a good amount of conflict that would avoid groupthink and promote creativity. Process (chapter 15) After production quality began to increase, the idea of over seas production had come up. There was a lot of debate about whether or not Harley should produce motorcycles abroad, or just increase domestic help production for export. Some of the employees thought that the overseas manufacturing of Harley Davidson motorcycles was inconsistent with buying a piece of the American Dream (Buller & Schuler 2006). The international market for Harley Davidson is growing.The firm h as subsidiaries across the egg in countries such as Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom. The German subsidiary also serves Austria, France, Denmark, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. Germany, Japan, Canada, and Australia represent the firms largest export markets. It is very apparent that Harley Davidson is known worldwide. Europe holds the worlds largest heavyweight motorcycle market and is expected to become the next battleground for heavyweight motorcycles (Buller & Schuler 2006). Rewarding EmployeesTo increase motivation and work performance, Harley Davidson really wanted their employees to understand empowerment. They rewarded them with power and of course pay. Participative Management (chapter 7) At Harley-Davidson top management realized that the employee needed to be utilized as a resource for ideas on how production of motorcycles should work. Harley-Davidson also realized that there were un-needed positions at the corporate level of the company We eliminated tho se jobs because they didnt add value to our products. The people were auditors.They were chequer (Buller & Schuler 2006). This led to the company eliminating the Senior Vice President in Marketing and Operations position among other positions. These positions did not add value to the product. Instead of having these jobs, employees were put into teams and were encouraged to use their own expertise in the decision making process. Harley-Davidson wanted their employees to become more like managers and to not feel the need to ask someone above them on how to do things. This is a key tool for increasing job satisfaction and motivation.Merit Based Pay (chapter 7) Another new program that Harley-Davidson began was a pay for performance pay system. Harley-Davidson wanted their employees to understand empowerment, so they encouraged their employees to learn as much as they could about the company. This would improve quality, which would allow a general wage increase to take place. Task Gro ups (chapter 9) When Harley-Davidson created these teams it meant that employees had more power in their own decisions. Many of the teams specialized in one aspect of production, so they had very specific tasks.After the teams were created, these teams would make decisions on production instead of higher ups in the company, Before Harley established teams, people would go up to one boss and that boss would go over to another boss and he would go to still another boss. And we wondered why the Japanese beat us on the issue of time (Buller & Schuler 2006). Conclusion Harley Davidsons market share began to dramatically increase in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The structural and cultural change that Vaughn Beals and Harley executives imagined truly did save the firm. Harley Davidson motorcycles today are seen as very high quality machines.They have become a symbol of status and lifestyle in todays society. Observing how much customization a consumer can request for his/her bike reflec ts the creative aspect of the firms internal culture. Harley continues to exemplify laissez faire through its production process and large amount of die hard followers. Contributions to the project Jared and Scott wrote the paper everyone did their part for the power point. References Buller & Schuler. (2006). Managing organizations and people. U. S. Thomson South Western. Judge, J. A. , & Robbins, S. P. (2008). Organizational behavior (13th edition). New Jersey Prentice Hall.

Abolition of the Death Penalty

Jeremy Brooks Suzanne Gerbasi Coms 101-37 10/30/12 Persuasive Speech Topic Abolition of the oddment Penalty General Purpose To Persuade Specific purpose To persuade my audience that we should abolish the expiration penalization in calcium. Central Idea The death punishment should be abolished because of the inefficiency of the legal system, its high economic cost, and its moral implications. I. Introduction When I joined the current debate team in high school, I knew I would have to learn to respect and accept points of view different than my own.Arguing both sides of a hot topic taught me to value the merit of my oppositions points. With much research and an open-mind, I even came to vary my opinions on many issuesincluding my support of Californias death punishment. After getting down to organization tacks and really looking at the facts, I concluded that the negatives far outweigh any positives of the death penalty. Along with the extremely high costs, it uses up countless ho urs of motor inn time and often discriminates against certain groups of passel.While other countries have moved forward and outlawed this practice, we remain clinging to an idea that is no longer practical or good in todays world. California needs to abolish the death penalty and save our time, tax dollars, and innocent peoples lives. You would think that safekeeping person alive for the rest of their life would be a greater financial burden then simply condemning them to their death, right? Wrong. In this counter-intuitive situation, kill a person is a much more complicated process than it seems.When you add up the costs of pre-trial legalities, the actual trials themselves, appeal court topics, and the necessary enslavement of convicts in maximum-security prisons, the total has robbed Californians of an exorbitant amount of money. Exactly how much is that? Well, a study by Judge Arthur Alarcon and Prof. Paula Mitchellconcluded that the death penalty in California has cost u s more than $4 billion since 1978. Furthermore, according to the California Commission on the Fair Administration of Justice, the death penalty policy is presently costing our state at least $137 million each year.Now compare this to the cost of a life without parole system-which would only cost the state $11. 5 million a year. Do the math a switch to this kind of system would save more than $125 million dollars annually- that isnt mere poke change. Now lets take a look at how well the death penalty works in practice. To give you a tantrum of how inefficient Californias death penalty system is, according to the Death Penalty Information Center- 86% of inmates die from other causes before they deal be executed.This is because inmates spend their time appealing, finding expert witnesses, and looking for loopholes in the system to drag out the court process. This takes up the valuable time of our control resources of qualified judges and lawyers. By switching to a system that giv es convicted felons life without parole, we would bring inmates to a similar standard of other prisoners convicted of serious felonies. This would restore valuable court time to judges and lawyers while still making sure that the lawbreakers are given the punishment they deserve.So what happens when it actually comes to executing people? The death penalty has proven to be unfairly biased in many ways by the human rights organization Amnesty internationalist. First of all, it is racially biased. Amnesty Internationals research has found that, Since 1977, the overwhelming majority of death row defendants (77%) have been executed for killing white victims, even though African-Americans make up about half of all homicide victims. Secondly, the death penalty doesnt take mental illness into account. Therefore, dozens of prisoners have been executed despite their disabilities.Third, most people sentenced to death cannot afford to hire their own attorney. This means the state has to provi de them with an unmotivated lawyer who will not likely present his best case possible. In addition, political factors, chance, and location can all decide whether a person lives or dies. Do we really want to make such an of the essence(p) decision- condemning a person to death- when such arbitrary conditions are present? Take into account that I have not even mentioned up to at once the many times we have gotten it wrong and executed or had to release innocent victims.Amnesty reports that more than 140 people have been cleared from crimes after being sentenced to die. I certainly dont want that hanging over my conscience. To be fair, since I have said why we should abolish the death penalty I suppose it is fair to give the two main arguments in favor of the death penalty a chance. One main reason I hear people say they support the death penalty is because it is a deterrent that scares people into cooperating. However, at that place is no evidence to suggest that this is true. In fact, there is evidence to support that opposite.FBI data shows that the states without a death penalty have lower homicide rates on average. Also, most homicides happen on a whim- importee the killer probably isnt clearly thinking through the consequences of his or her actions at the time of the crime. The other argument I hear is that it is cheaper to kill someone than take care of him or her until they die. Based on the data I provided earlier we know this is false. With a strong case for the abolition of the death penalty in California, it is time to let you know what you can do to make this happen.Besides educating your friends, protesting the death penalty, and joining nonprofit organizations like Amnesty International, the most effective whole step you can take today to stop the death penalty is mark a yes on your ballot next to Proposition 34. Prop 34 would change our flawed policy to the life without parole option I mentioned. This would save valuable court time, taxpayers dollars, and ensure that we arent being racially biased or murdering innocent people. Any way you look at it, the death penalty needs to die.

Efficiency of the Video Camera

We usually use the scene tv camera in order to save the important moment. ahead using the video camera, the create verbally record had been used as a documentary tool. You couldnt cutly observe the important social event and hardly predicted through the sentences. Video recording argon more than faultless and convincing than a written record. The Video camera provides some advantages in the present-day(a) life. set-back of all, the video recording is a more important gist of documentary tool in the contemporary life. For example, we saved the important events such as the queen-size match and the historical ceremony.We had the time capsule in the Jangchung-dong, Seoul at the turn of this millennium. Our The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records. According to the verbaliser, the video recording is a more important means of document hag contemporary lif e than a written record because video recordings are more accurate and convincing. Although I agree that a video provides a more objective and accurate record of an events spatial aspects, there is far more to document ha life than what we see and hear.Thus the speaker overstates the comparative significance of video as a documentary tool. For the purpose of documenting temporal, spatial events and experiences, I agree that a video record is usually more accurate and more convincing than a written record. It is impossible for anyone, no matter how keen an observer and skilled a journalist, to recount ha complete and objective detail such events as the winning touchdown at the Super Bowl, a Ballanchine ballet, the Tournament of Roses Parade, or the scene at the intersection of Florence and Normandy streets during the 1992 Los Angeles riots.Yet these are important events in contemporary life the sort of events we might put ha a time capsule for the purpose of capturing our life and ti mes at the turn of this millennium. The growing documentary role of video is not limited to seminal events like those described above. Video surveillance cameras are objective witnesses with improve memories. Thus they can play a vital evidentiary role in legal proceedingssuch as those involving robbery, drug trafficking, police misconduct, aim vehicle violations, and even malpractice in a hospital operating room.Indeed, whenever moving images are central to an event the video camera is superior to the written word. A written description of a hurricane, tornado, or volcanic eruption cannot convey its immediate power and awesome nature like a video record. A diary entry cannot replay that wedding reception, dance recital, or surprise birthday party as accurately or objectively as a video record. And a real estate brochure cannot inform about the lighting, spaciousness, or general ambiance of a featured property nearly as effectively as a video.Nonetheless, for certain other purpose s written records are advantageous to and more appropriate than video records. For example, certain legal matters are best left to written documentation video is of no practical use ha documenting the terms of a complex contractual agreement, an incorporation, or the establishment of a trust. And video is of little use when it comes to documenting a persons subjective state of mind, impressions, or reflections of an event or experience.Indeed, to the extent that personal interpretation adds dimension and richness to the record, written documentation is actually more important than video. Finally, a video record is of no use in documenting statistical or other quantitative information. returning to the riot example mentioned earlier, imagine relying on a video to document the financial loss to store owners, the number of police and firefighters involved, and so forth. Complete and accurate video documentation of such information would require video cameras at every street corner an d in every aisle of every store.In sum, the speakers claim overstates the importance of video records, at least to some extent. When it comes to capturing, storing, and recalling temporal, spatial events, video records are inherently more objective, accurate, and complete. However, what we view through a camera lens provides only one dimension of our life and times written documentation will always be needed to quantify, demystify, and provide meaning to the ball around us.

In a World of Pay: Human Resource Management Essay

dedicate targets welcome always been an important issue when it comes to hiring persistersespecially when dealing with professionals whose talent and experience atomic number 18 super soughtin the mull market. In our case study, we will be discussing the difficulties and challenges of hiring expatriates which in this case will be revolving around pay. The case is about theproblems that arose at a German softw are Comp some(prenominal) (Typware) when the solicitudedecided to contain Anne Prevost whom they consider to be an intelligent careful strategist.Anne is generally agreed to be the perfect match for the job and the rate which Anna isrequesting for the job is causing controversy at Typware because some opposite workers much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Jurgen Mehr (Head of Typware European Marketing) feel threatened by theamount the new hire will be receiving. carapace DescriptionThis case illustrates a german software fellowships in capability to effective ly compile afair compensation parcel for the hire of an ameri cease ex-pat. Renate Schmidt, the organiseof gentlemans gentleman resources at typware, is faced with a dilemma of how much to offer AnnePrevost. Thomas Gutschein, the CEO of typware, has made it clear that Anne is a neces-sary strategic acquisition. Many managers, including the European base on balls of marketingJurgen Mehr, have expressed discomfort and/or threatened by the high pay proposedfor Prevost. Schmidt has no reference in determining a fair ex-pat package as this is therst time in Typwares history that they hire an outsider to work at HQ.Schmidt facesproblematic issues, one being that Typware does non use a logical pay scale and overthe past decade many executives have received up to 30 percent extra requital based ongeographical circumstances. Having researched the employee salary les and not ndingany help from them, Schmidt calls in a favor from Rainer Barth. Barth, her contact at aconsulting rm, help s her compile a list of questions that need to be asked in order to geta more accurate idea of how Prevosts salary will be determined. Finally, the last issueneeded to be emphasizeed is that Prevost has another offer on the table and Typware needsto act dissipated if they are to successfully lock in this asset.Case Study In a World of Pay2Section 2Problem StatementStafng and Job AnalysisTypwares enlisting and infusion process does not have a clearjob opinionsystem evidenced through with(predicate) the hiring efforts of Anne Prevost.HR Activity in TheoryStafng and Job AnalysisA World of Pay, the article discussing Typwares employment methods, focusedtoo much on Prevosts strengths as a rotterdidate. Though she may have been a great as-set to the family she previously worked for, the duties she would have if she chose togo with Typware were not clearly specied. When hiring, the characteristics of a vacancyneed to be dened in order to recruit a suitable employee. Typewares asses sment sys-tem focused m ore on keeping Prevost away from the competitors rather than paying at-tention to the job analysis.Obtaining more organizational effectiveness within the company, with regard tostafng and assessment systems requires recruiting and selecting more strongly basedon job analysis rather than the general qualications of an applicant alone. A clear jobanalysis addresses the job description and recruitment methods of a hiring company, re-sulting in a more structured burn down to hiring international employees.First, Typware must clarify its job descriptions to improve human resource planningwithin the company. By facilitating more detailed job analyses, the efciency of ndingpotential candidates for vacant posts will be embossed substantially. Wages and salary ad-ministration can be restructured because payment can be more strongly based on thefulllment of employee duties rather than trying to compete with fight on the interna-tional job market. The fact that Renat e Schmidt needed to call Prevost a second time foranother line of questioning indicates the poor job description and HR information, be-cause such questions could have been known prior to the rst interview with proper jobanalysis.Once the job analysis is claried, the recruitment process can be broadened. Bybroadening the methods by which recruits are sought, applicants can be more readilyfound, no longer leaving Typware with the tough choice of whether to hire just one indi-vidual or not. Typware will apt(predicate) have several(prenominal) candidates to ll the vacancy, leaving inter-national applicants with less room for bargaining their salary and compensations.Case Study In a World of Pay3Two methods with which Typware can expand its recruitment sources are via theinternet and through employment agencies. Recruiting electronically would grant Typwarea large source for nding more talented recruits that visualise the job specications. Typwarecould place the vacancy on its own web site, granting public admittance to anyone who is in-terested in the company. This method leaves Typware free to give a clear job descriptionso that there is a larger chance to nd suitable applicants for the post. If electronic va-cancies break away to bring the desired results, Typware can recruit through employment agen-cies. A reclusive employment agency would be responsible for lling higher posts, like theone Prevost apply for. The employment agency would look for people who may still becurrently employed and help to maintain condentiality between the employer and thecandidate.Typwares receiving of applicants internationally brings on the added challenge oftrying to break a standard for hiring internationally for example, Schmidt received in-formation indicating that four other multinational companies in Germany did not have setpolicies or standards yet. Due to the lack of an international hiring structure, the efciencyof the recruitment and selection for those other compan ies was greatly hindered sincecompensations and salaries became all the more difcult to balance. In the best interestof Typware and surrounding companies, Typware should formulate an international hiringmethod, which they can implement in almost any international applicant bunk.Analysis & ImplementationStafng and Job AnalysisIf Typware were to implement the proposed stafng changes with regard to stafngand job analysis, there would be some added costs such as getting a web ruleer, orpaying for a headhunter. However, the added benets greatly outweigh the cost. The hu-man resources activities to be implemented include ensuring clear job descriptions, di-versifying recruitment methods, and formulating an international hiring structure.Schmidts undertaking as the head of human resources for Typware is to ensure aclear jobanalysis within the company at all times. Assuming she has a team reporting to her, shemust stress to its members the richness of a detailed job analysis. She should reviewsome of the job analyses from her team to ensure that the description is clear cut. In do-ing so, Schmidt produces more effective negotiations and interviews with potential em-ployees.The recruitment methods can be diversied in various ways. Two methods whichseem to most closely t Typwares vacancy predicament are electronic recruiting and us-Case Study In a World of Pay4ing private employment agencies. Recruiting electronically requires some technologicalexpertise, but considering Typware is a software company, that should not be an issue.Typware can utilize its own employees for web design by placing the job and the job de-scription on the company website. The benet of placing the job advertisement on thecompany website is that the applicants who visit the website are more likely to knowsomething about the company. Also, the applicants they would receive are more likely tobe closer in accuracy to the advertised post, because since it is the company website,Typware can feel f ree to make a detailed job description. Then, flavour into private em-ployment agencies would fall into the de patchment of Schmidt and her team. They wouldneed to nd a highly spoken private employment agency so as to ensure that they receivereturns on their nancial investment. beyond that, after the team has contacted theagency, the responsibililty of nding a suitable candidate for Typware is left to the agency.Formulating an international hiring structure has quite a few complexities. Appli-cants such as Anne Prevost would most likely look into the potential extra costs of taxrates, ination, benets, and oating currencies. Accommodations such as schooling fortheir children, health care, social security, housing, and culture shock also need to be ac-counted for. To meet all these needs in salary and benets would mean a salary that is nolonger within equal range of their peers. Renate Schmidt can discuss ncancial optionswith a local private school, so that Typwares international emp loyees will not need somany added benets. Health care and housing can also be worked out in a similar fash-ion, thus helping to further reducecosts. The costs really start to add up when there is noplan worked out at all beforehand. In the best interest of the company, Typware shouldorganize at least a minimal structure for hiring international employees to aid in more ef-fective stafng through exemplary job analysis.Case Study In a World of Pay5Section 3Problem StatementDiversity of Workforce and Employee RightsThe lack of a diversity policy and the absence of concern for employee rightscauses dissatisfaction within the workforce.HR Activity in TheoryDiversity of Workforce and Employee RightsIn In a World of Pay the characters are faced with many common dilemmas thatcause problems or at the very least delays for processing new or existing candidates. Wewill be explaining, then applying diversity in the workforce and employee rights in rele-vance to the issues at hand. tolerable emp loyment compliance refers to the laws and regulations of a solid ground inwhich a company operates. It is important for companies to identify with the well knownEEO or Equal Employment Opportunity movement started in the US. This is relevant be-cause of the ways countries and companies are evermore intertwined, creating a vastblend of cultures, setting the grounds for discrimination. Equal employment compliancehelps to avoid discriminatory scenarios. Diversity is one of the components of that policyand stipulates that an employees salary and benets are not to be determined or effectedby his/her race, national or ethic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, mari-tal status, family status or disability. Typwares CEO seems to have belittled or no concern forequality amongst his employees, which causes great concerns.Equality in the workplace promotes a company culture that cares for its people. Itcreates an atmosphere where people want to work, there is adroitness a nd respect, peopleare listened to and trust and integrity are main aspects in which your staff relates to eachother. Furthermore everyone benets when the workplace is fair and equitable, and peo-ple feel valued.Analysis & ImplementationDiversity of Workforce and Employee RightsIn aWorld of Pay a lack of Equal Employment Compliance compromises policiesfor hiring foreigners and integrating them into the headquarters. This stirs up inner ofcedisputes between Jurgen Mehr, Typwares European head of marketing, and RenateSchmidt, head of human resources. It is of utter most importance that Typware quicklyCase Study In a World of Pay6revises its internal policies to match those set forth by the countries in which they oper-ate, primarily Germany.In the case they are looking to draw up a proposal for one candidate. Thus a minorinfringement, if at all, on their local policy. Typware is based in Germany where the lawsare generally more favorable for the employee, meaning that once Anne Prevost is hiredlocally she will be entitled to a variety of benets and advantages non-existent in standardUS contracts. This a point to be noted when her arrangement is drafted. Typware wouldnot be disputing any of the existing German legal framework as a result of hiring AnnePrevost. Although this is the surface case, the cardinal problem is a lack of equal em-ployment policy structure. On a note, the institutions governing equal employment op-portunities in Germany are ranging from legislative and administrative institutions tocourts and tribunals to workers and employers organizations such as the Biebestrat.In the case Renate Schmidt discovers that female and minority employees madeless then their white male counterparts. This is not only demoralizing and damaging tothe spirit of the workforce but it also conicts with the legislatures of the country. In notcomplying with the countrys equal employment compliance laws, Typware could ndthemselves involved in serious legal action against them. Renate Schmidt needs to takea rm ground in her talks with the CEO and explain the importance of implementing astrict pay grade system.As shown by current trends, the company need to re-structure their policies tomatch that demanded by the country. The implementation of such a pay grade systemwould benet them in various ways. One way is that it would bring them up to code onequality and employee rights. Another is it would prevent outburst like the one Renateexperienced with the German CIO who found outhis Japanese counterpart was paiddouble his salary.Typware needs to adopt new policies and treat all their employees with equality andshow a concern for their rights. In doing so, they gain a competitive advantage on theirglobal market and can continue to grow. While engaged with other HR activities they canformulate templates to process and recruit the right people for their organization. This willfacilitate their ability to correctly asses talents and consequently provide fair salary andbenets packages in line with market practices. However, if they fail to established a uni-formed pay scale and comply with the laws of the country they will suffer irreparable in-ternal damages that will lead the inevitable downfall of Typeware.Case Study In a World of Pay7Section 4Problem Statement honorarium and benetsit appears that typwares inability to update its compensation and benet systemhas resulted in a chaotic situation as evident by the issues arising from the hire of AnnePrevost.Compensation and benetsThe use of benets by employers can be categorized into two main aspects whichcan be either as an inspirational tool to motivate employees to be more active in carryingout their tasks or it can be a form of compensation for a job well done. Benets can bedescribed as a payment made in recognition of a workers commitment to an organization.In relation to the case study, one of the major HR issues that faced Renate Schmidt wasbased on the fact that the company does not have a stipulated benet program. This isbecause the employee benet program would have provided a guideline for Renate todraft up benets for the proposed new hire Anna Prevost.The irrational nature of Typwares pay system has resulted in benet disparities anda difcult salary system. Such disparity like female and minority employees of Typwarereceiving less pay when compared to their white male counterparts is obviously one ofthe main reasons Jurgen Mehr is not taking the hiring of Anna Prevost lightly. This is be-cause he feared thatif a female employee will start with a salary close to his, she mightearn more than he does in the future. In his words This isnt fair, and its humiliating.Jurgen Mehr is not just troubled because she is a new hire but it is a she and also a for-eigner, which also brings us back to EEO.Nowadays, organizations tend to be institutionalizing benets such as savings planand pension because these are part of employment package that attracts employees andhelp s the organizations to retain the good employees. However, Typware seems not tohave paid attention to these issues, because their benet system has not been updatesfor sometime. The importance of benets program to employees has become very signi-cant these days because when employees do not feel an appreciation for their commit-ment to an organization, there is a high possibility that they will withdraw that commit-ment and in some cases might leave the organization. This is based on a simple logic thatwhen you appreciate things that people do, it motivates them to keep on doing so. Ineffect, benets have become part of organizational practices because it plays a signi-Case Study In a World of Pay8cant role in helping employers retain good employees and encourages exertion im-provement.Performance anxietyTheories and implementation appraisal systems have developed as means to meas-ure employees performance at the work place, but none have been able to provide anaccurate assessment of employees performance. However, the importance of appraisalsystem can not be overlooked because they have proved to be good in detecting em-ployees strengths and weakness. Performance management can be dened a meansthrough which managers ensure that employees activities and outputs are congruentwith the organizations goals.1 One of the main purposes of performance management isto develop employees who are effective at their jobs. This is because when employeesare not performing as well as they should, performance management seeks to improvetheir performance.It appears that since Typware launched its aggressive campaign in the internationalmarket in 1996, little or no stairs have been taken to promote employee development.Lots of emphasis has been paid to issues surrounding pay, with little or no steps towardsperformance management which is signicant for awarding of benets. In addition, Re-nates statement it will make others who have been with us for a long time feel that wedont c are about them is a clear reading material that the organization lacks important HR activ-ity. Such HR activity includes human resource development and performance manage-ment.Also important when considering the performance management, is the link be-tween performance management and the organizations strategies and goals. This is be-cause nowadays systems such as the performance planning and evaluation system areconstantly being used to bridge the link between performance management and organi-zations strategies. Performance management and evaluation (PPE) system can be de-ned as any system that seeks to tie the formal performance appraisal process to com-panys strategies by specifying at the beginning of the evaluation period the types andlevel of performance that must be accomplished in order to achieve the strategy.2Case Study In a World of Pay91Ibid p 3302Ibid p 332Section 5Reactions1. What did the student think at the on set of the case?The case prompted some interesting issue s in the global work place. It alsoshows how sometimes those in charge are not always fully capable, and muststrongly rely on their employees.The case also illustrates how a globally competitive company can go foronly a short time without identifying with the local legislation before it catches upto them and causes serious problems within the organization.This case reects on how organizations deal with HR issues such as paywith regards to hiring new employees. The organization has repeatedly violatedsome of its compensation and benet program by offering expatriates abroad extrabenets. This in turn resulted in a chaotic situation at the headquarters with em-ployees storming the ofce of Head of Human Resources to demand for equalbenet.2. How did they feel about the primal characters in the case?The CEO, Thomas, seems to fail to address the core issues, especially inregards toformulating a more stable pay structure. The problems from the paystructure trickle down and cause a chain eff ect of problems within the company, aswas shown through the complaint of managers, and the efforts of trying to hireAnne Prevost.Furthermore, Anne Prevost is not the key to solving Typwares problems asthought by the CEO. She is a valuable asset only if the core issues are correctionswiftly and re-structuring of the company occurs.Renate Schmidt showed some good reasoning in a tight situation. She wasable to sort out the larger issues within the company and had a well structured ap-proach to issues. She usually dened the issue, and tried to nd some precedenceon it rst. Then she would go through contacts to see who could help her achieveher set goals.The animosity we feel from Jurgens reaction to an American is a clear re-ection of how employees will treat each other when the work atmosphere is notfair and equitable.Case Study In a World of Pay10Renate who is the head of human resources is faced with the challenge ofincorporating the demands of Anna Prevost (potential new hire) into t he organiza-tions ineffective HR policy. The HR policy is ineffective because they lacked a sta-ble salary system.3. What is the students opinion about the relevancy/application of HR activity In aWorld of Pay?Given the fact that the organization lacked an effective HR activity such aspay, it has resulted in a difcult situation with regards to drafting up an organiza-tional benet program for the proposed new hire (Anna Prevost). Such programswould have provided a guideline and minimized the amount of work to be done byRenate for the hiring of Anna Prevost.In a World of Pay showed how important HR activities are in preventing suchissues from arising. Had Typware more strongly surveiled set HR activities, thenthey could have minimized the amount of work involved torectify the larger issuesat hand. However, Typware did not follow HR activities closely enough and theirfailure to do so led to numerous problems within the company.Case Study In a World of Pay11

Information

The term data refers to qualitative or quantitative attributes of a variable or set of variables. Data, which is the plural of data point be typically the results of measurements and can be the basis of graphs, images, or observations of a set of variables. Data are often viewed as the lowest level of generalization from which information and then knowledge are derived.Raw data refers to a collection of numbers, characters, images or other outputs from devices that collect information to convert physical quantities into symbols that are unprocessed. The data being calm by Freeway Ford pertaining to the dates when cars were purchased and the names of the owners are just numbers and characters, and as my definition of Information below bequeath show, the inability of Freeway Ford to translate this data into anything meaningful renders it short of being described as information.Information, on the other hand, is raw data that (1) has been corroborate to be accurate and timely, (2) is specific and organized for a purpose, (3) is presented within a context that gives it meaning and relevance, and which (4) leads to increase in understanding and decrease in uncertainty. The entertain of information lies solely in its ability to affect a behavior, decision, or outcome. A piece of information is considered valueless if, after receiving it, things remain unchanged.In the grimace of Freeway Ford, if the company had been contacting customers about routine maintenance with the data it had collected about the purchase dates of cars and the names of their owners, and if the company had further followed up three to tetrad years later, when car owners are generally known to be ready to trade in their cars to try and get them to do trade-ins with Freeway Ford, the data they had collected would have translated into something useful, something that could change the way business was being done, and would have information.

Biocentric Ethics Essay

Biocentric Ethics AnalysisThere have been debates about GMOs for decades. While farmers hold for their land and the continuance to produce, farmers were given the option to plant seeds that be genetically modified. The seeds in turn would arrive more crops and last longer. The compulsion on the farmers to make ample crops and take heed to help public crave would non just cost more for them, but it can also cause lack of think between the suppliers and the consumers that in turn can lead to law suits, as well. Genetically engineered tomatoes helped reduce the bill methods used to prep, make, and grow crops in 1986. The method made the tomatoes resilient to various herbicides. Farmers started to use bacillus thuringiensis which is an biting louse killer, in the plants. This did not seem to concern the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or the Department of cultivation (DOA) about the new technology. In 1990 when Forbes article The Lesser of Two Weevils was released statin g that cotton farmers in the United States had devote 100 million pounds of agricultural chemicals on their crop each year for the last several days (Newton, Dillingham, Choly, 2006) the media went bonkers over this information.This caused controversy with the growers, distributors, and the media, arguing whether the altered crops will pose a thr eat to hu valet de chambreness and the ecosystem. Countries we not happy with the carelessness and handling of the crops from the United States. Particularly, Germany did not agree with the United States methods. Other countries that did not use the genetically altered method reported traces of the chemicals in their crops. This transfer usually happens by the go conditions. Changing of the seasons has many scientists believe the chemical transfer through rain and snow, possibly through insects, wildlife, and plants. When man interferes we must take into consideration of how the altered chemicals may travel and how it could be consumed by humans. Also, the ecosystem that includes the consumers, the sun, and the decomposers becomes fragile. When man changesthe deoxyribonucleic acid of plants it alters Mother Nature work and the ramifications can be irreversible, but can take many years to discover. Furthermore, there has been an increase of obesity that is said to be due to the modifications and hormones in the food. People become get when there is a discussion of GMOs and non-GMOs trying to understand the difference and what can be patented. The preferred approach of the industry has been to use compositional comparisons between GMO and non-GMO crops.When they are not significantly diametrical the two are regarded as substantially equivalent, and, therefore, the GMO food crop is regarded as safe as its formulaic counterpart (Arpad, 2001). When genetically engineered bacteria was thought to enhance the hormones in cows and provide increased draw was claimed by Monsanto, the United Nations did not agree and pe ople began to wonder if the genetically modified foods was a adept thing after all. People pay attention to how much money they will make, and will try any new technology, rather than think or care about the dangers these things may pose. Stories showed on TV and aired on the radio on how many farmers lost their farms due to lack of crops from droughts, insects, and no rain, destroying crops. more people showed empathy for these farmers knowing how tough they have it. There are songs that were made e.g., Rain on a scarecrow, for these historical moments and what our forefathers did in order to survive.There are some advantages to point out that the third world countries have with the use of genetically modified foods, such as the rice it could have more minerals and vitamins, which helps quench nutrient deficiencies. E.g., lack of vitamin A can cause blindness. Golden rice containing an unusually high circumscribe of beta-carotene (vitamin A) (Whitman, 2000) was created by some researchers at an institute Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (SFIT) for plant sciences. The disadvantages of GMOs are that there is no regulation to distribution. It is not a requirement to label the foods, so how do we know what we are eating? Without labeling or regulations how do we know if the food is safe for us to eat? This is when we have to think of health concerns like allergies because genetically modified foods potentially can cause hypersensitised reactions in most people. Out of all the disputes on what may be right or wrong, or what should be used on the crops and or seeds, there is still a question, can the insects land the on chemically altered plants, then travel to other plants dropping anysubstances that would interfere with the other plants that are not genetically modified?ReferencesNewton, Dillingham, Choly, Lisa H, Catherine K, Joanne (2006). Watersheds 4. Thompson Wadsworth. Whitman, Deborah B (2000). Genetically Modified Foods Harmful or Helpful?. Retr ieved from http//www.csa.com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview.php Pusztai, Arpad (2001). scarcity of Safety tests. Retrieved from Genetically Modified Foods Are They a Risk to Human/Animal Health? Retrieved from http//www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/pusztai.html

Choices: Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Essay

What is happening in each poem? How do they compare and contrast? What is the main idea to both poems? The poem The Road Not Taken is a very sentimental poem, because it is most a choice. On the other hand, the poem Stopping by Woods on a whitened Evening is about the choice that someone made already.In The Road Not Taken the person chose to take a road with an unknown ending, and is less traveled. Moreover, the writer was letting people know that sometimes taking the less traveled path makes a huge difference. The show up I found was I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference. (Frost, 2008) This poem is basically about a life choice, because sometimes people comes to a fork in the road, and they have to decide which way is better for them. However, sometimes people do not make the right choice, but its a life lesson to be learned.In Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening the writer was talk of the town about slowing down to enjoy life. Too many peopl e try to get caught up in life, but if they would just slow down and look around they might feel relaxed and safe. The evidence that I found to make me believe this poem was are slowing down for life was To maintain his timberland fill up with snow, (Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, 2008) and The woods are lovely, dark and deep (Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, 2008).both poems compare to one another, because one is about making a choice while the other is about enjoying it. Those poems tones were the same sad, yet hopeful, which makes me believe the writer, Robert Frost, was a very sad person full of hope, and the desire for something grater. I would recommend those poems to teenagers up to adults, because that is when life starts taking hold, and that is when choices become.

Riskmanagementguidance

To make headway, and thereby livelihood inclusive decision devising as a collaborative and empowering process, which is fully attentive to the individuals perspective and to the views of the primary guardianshiper. To enable and support the cocksure management Of risks where this is fully endorsed by the multi-disciplinary team as having incontrovertible outcomes. C To promote and enhance safer working environments. C To deliver the goods a shared theoretically sound basis for multi-agency training and or the monitoring and auditing of help responses.C To promote the adoption by all staff of defensible decisions quite an than defensive decisions. 1. 3 Review of this delineate The depict will be reviewed annually. The next review will compact place in phratry 2011. Page 4 Of 38 2. Introduction 2. 1 The saying nothing ventured, nothing gained makes the point that unless around peerless takes a risk and tries new activities, they will never k directly of the positive bene fits that might result. In our society, mess are encouraged to travel widely, take part in regular leisure and sporting activities, go to college, evolve careers and have families.These are all activities that dont just happen, but mean people have to take risks to achieve their aspirations. 2. 2 For many people taking risks is an accepted part of life. However people with a disability and older people are often discouraged from taking risks, either beca rehearse of their perceived limitations or fear that they or others might be victimizeed. 2. 3 Changes in societys at spoon foodude towards disability, social care and health policy now mean that people with a disability and older people are be actively encouraged to increase their independence in their daily activities and sections about the work they receive.The focus is now more on enhancing peoples abilities rather than concentrating on their disabilities. 2. 4 Historically, social care has been good at providing services t hat minimized risk. However, somebodyalization means that in the future Social Care (and Health go) have to work towards providing choices rather than services. 1 2. 5 This take up is concerned with setting out the approach that the Isle of Wight Council and pledge expect its staff to adopt towards the issue of risk when they work with adults with a disability and older people. 6 When implementing this Guide in day-to-day practice, the Isle of Wight Council and PACT recognize that any risk-taking approach must be balanced with their responsibilities in relation to safeguarding adults and children, care standards and health and safety legislation. 2. 7 In addition, whilst this Guide Will encourage the Councils leisure, sport and cultural services to work with social care services and their users almost the issue of risk, it should not lead them to feel they have to individually risk assess every person who use their services outside of their traffic of care awards all consumer s.We recognize that to do so WOUld be both impractical and potential differencely discriminatory. However there may be circumstances in which some services provided may need to assess the risk to an individual. They will explain their justification for Safeguarding Adults A point of reference on the review of the no secrets guidance DOD / Dignity and Safety / Lucy Abandoner 14 October 2008 Page 5 of 38 this and do everything practical to enable the individuals inclusion in the activities in which they want to take part. 2. The Council and Pacts Services will also endeavourer through their impassioning arrangements and Service Level Agreements to encourage the individuals, agencies and set-vices it funds, or with which it contracts, to manage risks positively. 2. 9 The Guide will support the Council and PACT to fulfill their responsibilities under the Disability Discrimination symbolises 1995 and 2005 and the Mental capacity Act 2005. The Mental capacity Act 2005 and its code of practice provides a statutory framework for people who neediness capacity to make decisions for themselves.The Guide supports the Human Rights Act 1998 as it empowers people make decisions for themselves where possible and places individuals at the heart of the decision making process. 2. 10 The Local Authority and PACT owe a duty of care to all their service users. Any risk taking has potential legal implications in negligence. However, these fuck be minimized where there is a positive approach which generates a clear trail of scripted records showing the issues and solutions which have been considered, and there is an explicit and justifiable rationale for risk management decisions. 2. 1 The unsounded principle of this Guide is that support is provided to individuals to enable them to receive personalized care / support that meets heir inevitably regardless of their disability, age, gender, ethnicity, religion or sexuality. This also applies to people with a particular medical or psychiatric diagnosis. This support must exist within a framework of risk assessment and management that is collaborative, honest and enabling. Page 6 of 38 3. What is risk? 3. 1 Risk is the possibility that an effect will go through with harmful outcomes for a particular person or others with whom they come into contact. . 2 A risk event can have harmful outcomes because of L risks associated with impairment or disability such as falls C health notations or mental health problems C accidents, for example, whilst out in the community or at a social care / us port service risks associated with everyday activities that might be increased by a persons impairment or disability C the use of medication C the misuse of drugs or alcohol C behaviors resulting in injury, neglect, abuse, and exploitation by self or others C self harm, neglect or thoughts of suicide.L aggression and violence CLC hapless planning or service management 3. 3 The type of outcome depends on the nature of the person, their relationships tit others and the circumstances in which they find themselves. 3. 4 Risk is often thought of in terms of danger, loss, threat, suffering or injury. But as well as potentially negative characteristics, risk-taking can have positive benefits for individuals and their communities. 3. 5 Risk can be minimized by the support of others, who can be staff, family, friends, etc.However, in promoting independence, individual responsibility for taking risks must be a balance between safeguarding someone from harm and enabling them to lead a more independent life where they effectively manage risks themselves. . 6 A balance therefore has to be achieved between the desire of people to do everyday activities with the duty of care owed by services and employers to their staff and to users of services, and the legal duties of statutory and community services and independent providers.As well as considering the dangers associated with risk, the potential benefits of risk -taking have to be identified (nothing ventured, nothing gained). This should involve everyone affected adults who use services, their families and practitioners. Page 7 of 38 4. What is managing risk positively? 4. 1 Managing risk positively is weighing up the potential benefits and harms of exercising one choice of action over another, identifying the potential risks involved, and developing plans and actions that reflect the positive potential and stated priorities of the service user.It involves using available resources and support to achieve the desired outcomes, and minimizing the potential harmful outcomes. It is not negligent ignorance of the potential risks It is usually a very carefully thought out strategy for managing a specific occurrence or set of circumstances. (Steve Morgan, 2004)2 . For community found services, this means C empowering people C working in partnership with adults who use services or direct their own support, family career and advocates 0 develop ing an reasonableness of the responsibilities of each caller 0 helping people to access opportunities and take worthwhile chances CLC developing trusting working relationships 0 helping adults who use services to learn from their experiences 0 understanding the consequences of different actions 0 making decisions based on all the choices available and accurate information L being positive about potential risksC understanding a persons strengths C knowing what has worked or not in the past L where problems have arisen, understanding why C ensuring support and advocacy is available to all users of services, particularly if things begin to go wrong for someone sometimes tolerating back up short-term risks in consultation with the service user, for long-term gains 2 Morgan, S. (2004). Positive risk-taking an idea whose time has come.