Work based on the experimental cycle testing Newtons Essay Example for Free

Work based on the experimental cycle testing Newtons Essay Introduction: For this piece of coursework I have chosen to look at the laws of impact on a pool table. This will involve making initial assumption that will be made from inspection of the model and experience in playing the game. With these assumptions in mind I will carry out an experiment on the table to justify or correct my assumptions. After a clear understanding of the reality of the model I will attempt to compile a few practical points that will improve the performance of the player when they are playing in the specific environment that is being modelled. The models environment: There are many shots that can be played on the pool table that require different aspects of skill. The specific environment that I will be testing is the snookered shot. This means there is a ball between the cue ball and my colour (red). One of the options I have is to rebound the shot off the cushion and hit the ball. This would normally require experience in order to be accurate enough to hit the cushion in the right place. The model I will be testing will help the play know where to hit the cushion in order to hit the red ball. The elasticity of the cushion and the velocity of the ball are variables when determining the impulse from the cushion on the ball, this will affect the angle on the cushion. Assumptions: Due to my experience with playing pool I have formulated a few important factors for the experiement. I will start by looking at the constants these include velocity, which will remain the same through out the experiment. The next is the momentum, which will be treated as having been conserved and not lost in the collision with the cushion. These two points will allow me to use a basic model that uses only the knowledge I have acquired. In addition to this I will exclude the effect of sliding or spin on the ball, the motion of this is too difficult for me to model. The model: Newtons laws of impacts state that the initial speeds U1 and U2 collide so that final speeds V1 and V2 are produced under the effect of the coefficient of restitution. This can be written as: (e is the coefficient of restitution) This is the same as writing: This can be changed into component form to show the following: Parallel the cushion component   Momentum is conserved. Perpendicular to the cushion component. By showing the perpendicular component in comparison to the parallel component a final model is produced. With this model I can use the pool table to find the both angles with out using velocities or momentums. Predictions: By using this model I will take a value for the coefficient restitution as 0. 8. This value was acquired from a web site called www. gamasutra. com/features/20000516/lander_pfv. htm, which was about making a computer model of the pool game. The site was demonstrating the effect spin would have on the ball in the computer game. Below are the results from using the model. From inspection all the values for ?are less than ? by an average of 4. 5 degrees. This shows the effect the coefficient of friction and the elasticity of the cushions on the table. Method: The first part to the method was to collect the correct apparatus. This included finding a ramp to launch the ball each time. This is more suitable that a cue because I could keep the velocity constant with the ramp. No ramp existed for launching snooker balls so I made one using a mudguard mounted on a wood frame. The ramp was made so that the ball rolled down the rims of the guard so that it did not hit the screw fixing along the centre of the mudguard seen in the picture. The ramp was modified so that just before the end of the ramp the rims were made wider so that the ball was released on to the surface without bouncing. The ramp was tested before the experiment so see if it was accurate enough to hit the same point consistently, which it achieved. The ramp also considered the height the ball was released every launch by a notch at the top of the ramp. (see picture) The ball was held at the top of the ramp by a single figure holding the centre of the ball, this reduced spin on the ball when travelling down the slope. The same ball was used every launch to eliminate variables. The ramp was positioned on the surface so that it was always the same distance for a marked point on the cushion. The ramp was moved along this perimeter to change the angle of approach. To position the ramp I used trigonometry using the lengths of two cushions. Below is an example of the calculations required to put the ramp in the exact place. This value was then measured up the black line on the diagram above and traced onto the perimeter of the cushion points semi circle. This method was accurate but as the angle increased the ramp was moved closer to the cushion opposite the marker point. This meant the table was too narrow to continue readings, so I had to change the adjacent length to allow the readings to continue. When the ramp was correctly lined up, which was done by trial and improvement of rolling balls down the ramp, I ran the test three times to get an average. Each run of the experiment measured the distance from the cushion to the perpendicular cushion where the ball had hit. This was then processed in the same way but the opposite way round. This was then repeated for all the angles between 10? and 90?. All the readings taken were measured to the nearest 0. 5 of a cm. This has been taken into consideration in the table of results. The pictures show the markings in chalk on the table. The picture to the left has the 50? , 70? and 90? markings on it. Results: This table continues to show the coefficient of restitution as a result from comparing the two angles. These values for the coefficient of restitution varied from 0. 5495 to 0. 7535, which showed that the collisions were not constant. This is down to either inconstancies in launching the ball or different frictional values along the balls path that could cause spin. Before I analyse the results more carefully I will point out the values in the table that I think are the most reliable. The values include 0. 7062, 0. 7277 and 0. 7535; these are taken from the angles ranging between 50? , 60? and 70?. At these angles the collision between the ball and the cushion is more consistent and there is less component force parallel to the cushion to make the ball slide through the mark on the cushion. The graph shows the upper and lower bound for the coefficient of restitution, it was necessary to include the upper and lower bounds due to the inaccuracies of the measured angles. The lengths were measured to the nearest millimetre. The prediction stated that the coefficient of restitution should be constant at 0. 8. The results show that the coefficient never reaches this level so there is clearly a factor that needs explaining. The difference is probably because of the frictional effect on the ball and a variation of spin on the ball as it rolled down the ramp. Also there would have been slight inconsistencies in my method due to human inaccuracy. Corrections On review of the method I have found that the I have translated the model into my method with a small mistake. The angles that I initially measured were measuring from the wrong point on the ball. The trig method I used meant the balls centre had to hit the cushion; instead it was the surface of the ball. To correct this mistake I had to look at the diameter of the ball and decrease the according lengths. The balls diameter was 52 mm so this meant I had to decrease the two measurements perpendicular to the cushion. These were D1 and D2, the table below shows the corrections made followed by the corrected graph. These corrections changed the angles of ? so that the smaller angles got smaller and larger angles stayed the same. This had the effect of deducing the coefficient of restitution for the smaller angles but not for the larger angles. This is why the corrected graph starts lower and then maps onto the original graph. As well as the variation due to human inaccuracy in measuring shown above there are other forms of variation that affected my results, these were spin and sliding. The effect of these is too complicated so I have explained them and drawn diagrams to give an idea. Both of these could have changed the results by an unknown amount. Due to personal experience of the game it is usually for the ball to slide more along the cushion at smaller angles, this could be because of friction and would explain the difference between my results and the predictions. On the diagram is shown the ball sliding through the mark. The ball is supposed to hit the black mark, but instead hits at the red mark and rolls along the cushion to leave at the light green mark. Concise points for improving the players games * With small angles of attack the player must realize that the ball will be at a higher chance of experiencing sliding so will depart the collision at a smaller angle. * For high angles of attack the angle of departure will be slightly under the angle of approach. Evaluation To improve this experiment to get the best possible results from it think the introduction of a video camera could help position the ball on the cushion. This would work by having a measure attached to the side of the table and then video taping the balls cushion with the cushions. This would give more accurate marks. To reduce spin on the ball I would add a rubber surface to the ramp to ensure the ball had to roll down the slope and not spin or slide. This would set the ball rolling and so the points where the ball collided would be more accurate. The predictions came from a source off the Internet and they might not be the correct for the pool table I used. The predicted coefficient was an average for most pool tables, but really in order to evaluate this method I need the accurate coefficient for my table. This could be found by using light gates to measure the speed of the ball off the ramp and after the collision with the cushion. The speed of departure over the speed of approach would have given me the correct coefficient to compare to my results. Overall the correlation between the predicted results and my results is very bad, this means that my model is very basic and does not look at the effects on the table, such as spin and sliding. The model comparison has show me the effect of the certain variables and hopefully will improve my future games. Mechanics 2 Coursework James Ashley-Smith.

Eat Right 4 Your Type by Dr. Peter J. DAdamo :: Health Diet Essays

Eat Right 4 Your Type by Dr. Peter J. D'Adamo Eat Right 4 Your Type, by Dr. Peter J. D’Adamo, was one of many diet books that hit the bookstores in 1996. This diet program uses the four blood types as a premise for what foods one should eat, what type of exercise one should do, and to what diseases one is susceptible. After careful review of the scientific literature, I was unable to find any studies that evaluated the validity of the book’s claims. There are numerous scientific studies that examine the roles of certain foods on health and diet, and there are plenty of studies that focus on the correlation between blood type and disease. However, there seem to be no studies devoted to the entire D’Adamo program itself. Dr. Peter D’Adamo and his father, Dr. James D’Adamo, worked in the field of blood type analysis. His father noticed that many patients from European Spas who were on strict vegetarian diets or low-fat diets did not lose weight. Some patients actually worsened. Dr. James D’Adamo eventually suspected that blood type might be the cause. Since blood is the fundamental source of nourishment to the body, perhaps some aspect of the blood could help identify the differing results. The study was successful in that blood type was correlated with the patients’ successes or failures on specific diets. Type A did poorly on high-protein diets, but did very well on vegetable proteins such as tofu and soy. Type A benefited from lighter forms of exercise, such as yoga. On the other hand, Type O did well on high-protein diets and benefited from intense physical activity. This led Dr. Peter D’Adamo to expand upon his father’s findings. The result was Eat Right 4 Your Type: The Individualized Diet Solution to Staying Healthy, Living Longer, and Achieving Your Ideal Weight (D’Adamo XIV). Eat Right 4 Your Type begins by explaining why blood type is important to a person’s diet. The human body has unique chemical markers called antigens that can identify foreign substances that enter the body. One of the most powerful antigens in the body is the one that determines blood type. The different blood type antigens are so sensitive that they are the immune system’s best defense. A person’s blood type is named for the blood type antigen that he/she possesses on the red blood cells (D’Adamo 18).

Managing the Customer Experience

With the rising affluence and advances in IT in the society, incomes and living standards rose continuously. These contribute to a change in lifestyle and lead to increased demand for products and services. As a result, customer is expecting a good quality customer experience. Customer service plays an important role in an organization’s ability to generate income and revenue. Successful customer service is an on-going process of meeting and exceeding customer expectations. A customer service experience can change the entire perception a customer has of the organization. Through the articles on customer complaints and compliments, I had read and summarized the various points customers consider as important to enjoying quality customer experience. Firstly, body language and communication. Two of the most important parts of positive body language are smiling and eye contact. Customers expect staff to look into their eyes as they are having a communication. This shows that the staff respect them and by listening to them. Also, staff responsiveness will create a bond of trust and a communication comfort level. Secondly, be an information expert. In other words, staffs are to know what products or services they are offering back to front. Whatever the situation may be, staffs are expected not to leave customer with an unanswered question. This is critical because it determines the retention of customers as staffs are the customer only contact to determine how to use the product or service to get the best return on investment. Thirdly, anticipate customer needs. Staffs are encouraged to look for ways to serve their customer more than they expect. For instance, to remain contact with customers by keeping them informed of new events, product updates or even calling to say hello. In doing so, customer will be amazed by the employee who make the effort in going the extra mile to help them. In addition, they will feel that they are well taken care of and this creates a seamless relationship. In conclusion, I had quoted a meaningful quote from the web from the point of view of a customer. â€Å"Quality customer experience refers to the customer journey which makes them feel happy, satisfy, served and cared, with a sense of being respected, according to his or her expectation or standard, start from first contact and through the whole relationship. †

Solomon Northup An African American - 883 Words

Solomon Northup was an African American, born a free man, who lived in Saratoga Springs, New York with his wife Anne Hampton and their three children. Northup was a skilled violinist and farmer who was seeking employment in the spring of 1841; one night he met two men at a saloon, who both identified themselves to be affiliated with a circus, and they convinced him to accompany them on a journey to New York to perform with his superb violin skills on their traveling music show. They persuaded him by offering a very generous wage of â€Å"one dollar for each day’s services, and three dollars in addition for every night [he] played at their performances† (2). Originally he was only going to New York but he was persuaded to travel further to Washington D.C. – a state where slavery was legal. On route to Washington D.C. he was drugged by the two men (identified as Breach and Hamilton) who subsequently sold him into slavery at an auction in New Orleans. This was commo n for many â€Å"free† African Americans; predominantly males for their ability to be harder working in the fields. Often times the â€Å"Negros† would be kidnapped or lured away from their home with offers too good to be true and upon their capture they would be drugged, beaten and bonded to be sold into slavery; much like Solomon Northup. A great majority of the time their case would be hopeless if they tried to prove they were â€Å"free men† and they would be beaten for even mentioning the word â€Å"free†. Solomon Northup servedShow MoreRelatedSolomon Northup, An African American Slave1176 Words   |  5 Pagesruined many people’s lives. White people believed that African-Americans were inferior. The slaves were forced into labor, punished, and treated poorly. Slaves involvement took away the most important thing in human life, freedom. During this time there were many influential slaves. Solomon Northup, an African-American slave who was kidnapped and sold into slavery was one of them. He is one of the world’s most important historical figures. Solomon is known world wide for the movie and book based onRead MoreSummary Of 12 Years A Slave By Solomon Northup Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pagesgranted freedom from their former owners. Once slaves entered the North, they were able to finally be seen as a free African American. The thing that scared African Americans the most, frequently happened, being sent back to the South into slavery. 12 Years a Slave by Solomon Northup gives a recap of how his life, filled with joy and freedom one day, became a living nightmare the next. Northup, a self-taught, master violin player is fooled into traveling with â€Å"gentlemen† to share his talents for a smallRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 12 Years A Slave 1051 Words   |  5 Pages 12 Years a Slave is a drama film about a free African American man, Solomon Northup, who was kidnapped and sold to slavery. The movie was released in 2013 starring Chiwetel Ejiofor as Solomon Northup, Benedict Cumberbatch, and Brad Pitt. 12 Years a Slave has earned three Academy Awards and a Golden Globe. The movie is based off of a memoir written in 1853 by Solomon Northup. The film is for people who are fascinated with history and enjoy dramatic scenes. However, it is also a movie that informsRead MoreReview : 12 Years A Slave Directed By Steve Mcqueen1062 Words   |  5 Pagesdirected by Steve McQueen. Based on the 1853 memoir of the same name written by Solomon Northup, 12 Years a Slave documents the true story of the trials and tribulations of a once free New-York state born African-American musician after he is kidnapped in Washington D.C by a pair of alleged â€Å"traveling entertainers† with whom he agreed to perform and sold into slavery in 1841. (Tobias) During his time in captivity, Northup was transferred and traded to work on various different plantations across theRead MoreSolomon Northup : A Great Musician Who Played Violin1149 Words   |  5 PagesSolomon Northup was born as a freeman; he lived with his wife and two children in New York early 19th century. He was a great musician who played violin. One day in the year of 1841, Northup received an offer for a job in Washington D.C. from two white guys, Brown and Hamilton. Northup gladly accepted the offer and travelled with them to Washington D.C. However, he was drugged and kidnapped to a slave jail where he woke up with chains on his arms and legs. Northup tried to explain to t he jail guardRead More12 Years a Slave Essay examples1699 Words   |  7 Pages The Gruesome Truth â€Å"My name is Solomon Northop, I am a free man residing in Saratoga, New York† CITATION McQueen \l 1033 (McQueen). Unfortunately at this point for Mr. Northop it would do no good for him to speak up, in fact, it did more harm than good. In the film 12 Years A Slave, the audience encounters the horrible kidnapping, based on a true story, of a free black man named Solomon Northop. This film is by no means easy to watch but it accurately portrays the life of slaves, and free blacksRead MoreEssay about Book Review 12 Years a Slave774 Words   |  4 PagesShaTaylor Moore March 11, 2013 History 1301 -02 Twelve Years a Slave: Solomon Northup Book Review Solomon Northup was a free African American man from Minerva, New York. In the novel Twelve Years a Salve, Northup composed a narrative about his life as a free man, and also his life as a slave. In the year of 1814 Northup was kidnapped and taken deep South, to the rugged life of slavery. After 12 years of being thrown into the slavery against his will, he rightfully regained his freedom inRead MoreAn Analysis Of Solomon Northup s 12 Years A Slave Essay1370 Words   |  6 PagesSolomon Northup, in his autobiography 12 Years A Slave, uses religious language to depict the horrendous nature of institutional slavery and slaveholders. In specific, the primary use of religious language in Northup’s autobiography is to express his and many other slaves’ sufferings and subjugation, to present the biblical justification adopted by slaveholders to mistreat their slaves, and to convey the significance of religion to him and the African American slaves; therefore, religious lang uageRead MoreSlavery Is A Terrible Thing905 Words   |  4 Pagesslaves actually escape to freedom. If an African American was considered a free man, he or she had to get official documentations stating so. Even after the documents were given to them, some of them still found themselves as slaves. There are many different stories about slavery, but just because a slave escapes from slavery, does not mean he or she is free from a slave’s mindset. Although they were in different positions in life, slaves and free African Americans experienced the same hardships, fearsRead MoreNineteen Years A Slave By Solomon Northup980 Words   |  4 PagesYears a Slave is a 1853 narrative memoir written by Solomon Northup and later adapted into the 2013 film, 12 Years a Slave. This compelling narrative contains two major themes: race and slavery. Each of these concepts is historically relevant in creating a stereotype of African Americans as uneducated lower-class citizens. â€Å"Hundreds of blacks lost their freedom through the operation of kidnapping rings,† and in 1841 Northup fell victim to one. Northup had taken to the violin at a very young age, Merrill